The Effect of Ondansetron or Dolasetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common problems in patients undergoing breast surgery or with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). We evaluated the effect of ondansetron or dolasetron for the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing a mastectomy with IV PCA. METHODS: A total of 126 patients were randomly divided into three groups. The PCA group was a control group. For the PCAO group (IV PCA mixed with ondanseron), 4 mg ondansetron was intravenously injected 30 min before the end of surgery and 8 mg was mixed in IV PCA. For the PCAD group (IV PCA mixed with dolasetron), 10 mg dolasetron and 20 mg was administered as same manner with the PCAO group. The incidence of PONV, the need for rescue antiemetics, adverse events, and the nausea and vomiting severity score were analyzed for 1 hour and 24 hours postoperative periods. RESULTS: During the first 24 hours postoperatively, the incidence of PONV was 76.2% for the PCA group, 70.7% for the PCAO group (P > 0.05 versus the PCA group) and 66.7% for the PCAD group (P > 0.05 versus the PCA group), respectively. The incidence of need for rescue antiemetics was 40.5% for the PCA group, 9.5% for the PCAO group (P < 0.05 versus the PCA group) and 4.8% for the PCAD group (P < 0.05 versus the PCA group), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients receiving IV PCA after a mastectomy, ondansetron or dolasetron were not effective for the reduction of the incidence of PONV. However, the need for rescue antiemetics was significantly decreased.

Comparison of Open-Set Speech Perception Performance in Children with Cochlear Implants or Hearing Aids / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, we compared the postoperative open-set speech perception abilities of children using implants against their preoperative residual hearing abilities and also compared the performance of cochlear implant users with that of age-matched hearing aid users. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ninety-nine prelingually deaf children who have used implants over 1 year were grouped based on the unaided pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds into 3 groups: CI91-100(91-100 dB HL), CI101-110 (101-110 dB HL) and CI>111 (over 111 dB HL). Ninety-eight prelingually deaf children with hearing aids were divided into 4 groups also based on the unaided PTA thresholds: HA71-80 (71-80 dB HL), HA81-90 (81-90 dB HL), HA91-100 (91-100 dB HL) and HA101-110 (101-110 dB HL). Children with implants were tested by open-set speech perception tests (Monosyllabic Word, Common Phrases) before implantation and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after implantation. Children with hearing aids were tested once or more times using open-set speech perception tests. The open-set speech perception abilities of children with implants and hearing aids were compared before implantation and at 30 months after implantation. RESULTS: The speech perception scores of CI91-100 were higher than those of CI101-110 and CI>111 for the first 2 years of implant use (p111 at 3 years after implantation (p111 were poorer than that of HA71-80, HA81-90 and HA91-100 before implantation, but exceeded that of HA101-110 at 30 months after implantation (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Open-set speech perception performance of children with cochlear implants was better than that of hearing aid users of the corresponding hearing level and was similar to at least that of hearing aid users with PTAs of 81-90 dB HL. Therefore, some of children with severe hearing loss may become good candidates for cochlear implantation.